English Civil War around 1600 resulted in persecution
of Puritans, so Puritans emigrated.
1607 - Virginia - London/Plymouth Co.
1587 - Roanoke
1607 - Jamestown of chesapeake, John Smith
1609 - Virginia Co., more settlers came
1609-1610 - starving time, 90% death rate
1612 - John Rolfe, tobacco farming
Headright - 50 acres for evert adult who settled
1619 - Virginia House of Burgesses, first slaves
1624 - Virginia Co. goes bankrupt, becomes Virginia crown colony
1640 - Powhatan, susquehanna defeated
1676 - Bacon's Rebellion
Deog Indians attacked
Bacon was angry that Governor Barkley tried to
appease Indians
Bacon raised army, overthrew Barkley, burned the
town
1620 - Plymouth - Pilgrims (Puritan separatists or congregationalists)
Pilgrams had permission to settle in Virginia but landed in
Massachusetts
Mayflower Compact - set up a goverment outside jurisdiction
of Virginia Co.
William Bradford - 2nd governor of colony
1621 - became a chartered colony
1625 - Charles I
1629 - Massachusetts Bay Colony - Puritans (non-separatists)
1630 - first settlement of over 100 (largest single migration)
1630 - set up own goverment
Each town had own little goverment, self-governed
Only elect ("saints") could hold public office, which caused frequent
divisions
1635 - connecticut - Thomas Hooker and his congregation
Hooker broke from the Massachusetts colony goverment
1639 - Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
1662 - recongnized as a colony and given royal charter
1635 - Rhode Island - Roger Williams and followers williams broke from Massachusetts
goverment
Brought land from Indians to found town of Providence
1644 - obtained royal charter
Only American colony with complete religious freedom
1629 - Maine and New Hamsphire
Separated from Massachusetts by the Council of New England
1639 - New Hamsphire - followers of Anne Hutchinson (Anti-Nomianists)
John Mason was governor
John Wrainwright started the coliny
1679 - recongnized as a colony
1675 - King Philip's War
Wompanowags - Massachusetts had tried to
assert court Jurisdiction over Indians
Lasted 1 year, ended with help from Mohawks
1632 - Maryland
Established for Catholics, proprietary
Led by a noble with charter
founded by george Calvert
1649 - Act Concerning Religion established religious freedom
1624 - New Netherlands - Dutch
Colony in the New York area
Peter Stuyvesant was governor
1642 - English Civil War
1647 - Cromwell became Lord Protector
1660 - stuart restoration ( King Charles II took over)
1663-1665 - Carolinas
Charles II paid off 8 supporters by giving them the Carolinas
These 8 sold land to settlers, set up headrights, goverment, etc.
All but one of the 8 eventually quit, had to pay colonists
1690 - Charleston
John Locke drew up Fundamental Constitution for Carolina (never
actually instituted)
Carolina split into North and South
Southern region had ties to sugar islands
Northern region was mostly farms
Conflicts between rich South and poor North
1729 - English Crown divied colony into NC and
SC
1664 - New York
Proprietary with rich noble class (like Carolina)
1664 - British took New York from Dutch
Charles II gave his brother (Duke of York) the
NY area
Dutch already owned the NY region
1664 - British sailed into harbor
Dutch colonists hated their governor Stuyvesant
Dutch threw the governor off the dock and surrendered
to British
1673 - Dutch retook New Amsterdam
1674 - British recaptured New Amsterdam and renamed it New York
conflicts between land-owning and poor
1685 - New York was the most populous colony
1702 - New Jersey
Duke of York gave this region to two of his friends
1702 - New Jersey declared a separate colony
1681 - Pennsylvania
Charles II gave land to william Penn
Penn founded a colony for Quakers
Religious freedom, no church heirarchy
1682 - Philadelphia was built, but no one lived there
1701 - Charter of Liberties
Established representative goverment
Alllowed counties to form new colonies
1703 - Deleware
County that broke away from Pennsylvania
1773 - Georgia
Queen Anne's War (1701-1713) showed need for a bufer for Carolinas
Founded by a charity
Military - protected Carolinas from Spanish Florida and Indian raids
Founded by Oglethorpe
Resettled poor and criminals, colony was tightly disciplined
No slaves, no alchohol, no catholics
Colony leadership broke down
Residents wanted to own slaves
People angry at Oglethorpe's dictatorship
1750 - end of ban on slavery
1752 - English King authorized an elected goverment for colony
II. English involvement in the Colonies
Colonies were left almost independent until 1690 (Restoration in England)
Colonial economics:
Triangle Trade
Caribbean (molasses)
-> to colonies (rum)
-> to Africa (slaves)
-> Caribbean (molasses)
Northern colonies economy:
Shipbuilding, distilling Various industry,
pnly small farmaing
Southern colonies economy:
Cash crops - tobacco, rice indigo, cotton
Great Awakening ( 1730-40) - Methodism (John Wesley)
Inspired by Moravians
Sense of pietym but no puritan elect
Democratic
Involved many different colonies working together
Glorious Revolution (in England)
James II ousted, William & Mary took throne
No childrenm so crown went to Hannovers: Aneem George I-III
Brought imperialism, more control over colonies
Colonial goverment before war:
1686-1692 - Dominion of New England
Massachusetts & other New England colonies
unified under Gov. Andros
Ended when James II ousted
Plymouth & Massachusetts combined
1707 - privy council given authority over colonial assemblies
1754 - Albany Convention
Proposal for unified goverment in colonies
Only northern amd middle colonies attended
would have combined some colonial independence with some federal
control
Never put into effect
Seven Year's War / French & Indian War
Iroquois worried about English expansion into Ohio Valley,
allied with French
Phase I - little British involvement, colonials losing to Iroquois
1754 - Ohio Valley (French & Iroquois
vs. English)
Fort Necessity (Washington & Virginia
army) vs. Fort Dusquesne
Washington's surrender
Phase II - British involvement
1756 - England allied with Prussia
1757 - William Pitt became Sec. of State
Brought war under British
control
Drafted colonials, sparking
riots
Phase II - war turned over to colonial legislatures (1758),
colonials start winning
1759 - James Wolfe captured Quebec, turning
point in war
1760 - French in North America surrendered
1760 - George I took throne
1763 - Treaty of Paris
France lost canada & territory
E of Mississippi to British
France lost New Orleans & territory
W of Mississippi to spain
France lost some Carribean islands
to British
1763 - Colonists had own goverment & army, no longer felt British, Britain
decided to to bring
1763 - proclamation Line - no westward settlement
1763 - Navigation Acts
Passed by william Pitt & George III
Meant to tax colonies and increase British trade
Sugar Act (1764)
Enforced tax on molasses
Created vice-admiralty courts
British judges
tried colonials
No juries
Made it illegal to buy goods
from non-British Carribbean colonies Currency Act
Outlawed paper colonies dependent on british money
Stamp Act (1765, under Prime Minister Grenville)
All legal documents had to be on special British paper caused riots
Mutiny Act (1765)
Colonials had to provide houseing & food British troops
in America
Created standing army in colonies (there had never been a
standing army in England)
When colonies protested acts, British repealed them but replaced them with similar
acts
Virginia Resolutions - Patrick henry spoke against Stamp Act
Stamp Act Congress (1765) - organized by James Otis
Sons of Liberty
Organized by James Otis
Formented riots
Burned custom houses with the paper
1766 - Parliament repealed Stamp Act, passed Declatory Act
(1766)
Declared NY colonial assembly
Punishment because NY had not obeyed Mutiny Act
Townshend duties
Taxed paper, lead, tea, paint (quasi-luxury items)
1768 - Boston Circular Letter urged colonies not to import goods taxed by Townshend
duties
New York, Boston, Philadelphia agreed to non-importations
1770 - Prime Minister Lord North repealed Toenshend duties except for tea tax
March 1770 - Boston MAssacre
British soldiers worked cheap, Taking jobs from colonials
Colonials provoked soldiers
Killing of colonials outraged colonies
Political theories
Hobbs - need absolute leader to force people to be civilized
Locke - contract theory of goverment
1772 - Gaspee Incident
British customs ship ran aground
British crew went ashore for help
Colonials burned ship and sank it
Colonials were tried in England
1773 - Tea Act
Gave East India Co. Monopoly
Made it illegal to buy non-British tea
Forced colonists to pay ta tax
Dec. 16, 1773 - Boston Tea Party - tea boycott
1774 - Coercive Acts
Shut down Boston harbor
Disbanded Boston assembly (it moved and restarted)
Removed power of colonial courts to arrest royal officers
1774 - Quebec Act
Allowed French-Canadians more self-goverment
Gave Canada the Ohio Valley
Recongnized Roman-Catholic church
Made colonists think the king wanted to impose Catholicism on colonies
1772 - committee of Correspondance
Started about Gaspee attackers
Protest letters by colonists
Sept. 1774 - First Continental Congress
Virginia supported Boston against crown
Resolution for military preparendness
Created Continental Asociation to inforce non-importation
Voted to meet again (made it a continuing organization)
Conciliatiory Acts (under Prime Minister William Pitt)
Cancelled coercive Acts
News did not reach colonies until after Lexington &
Concord
Lexington & Concord - start of Revolutionary War
